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- Title
Demencia mixta: modelos animales de experimentación y tratamientos.
- Authors
García-Alfonso, Enrique; Núñez-Figueredo, Yanier
- Abstract
Dementia is a term that encompasses several diseases that affect memory, thinking, and the ability to perform daily activities. The diagnosis of mixed dementia remains a controversial topic and a great challenge, since it presents common symptoms to other types of dementia. Specifically, the pathogenetic mechanisms by which mixed dementia induces neuronal and cognitive damage are not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide updated information on the pathophysiology of mixed dementia, experimental animal models used for the evaluation of compounds and possible existing treatments. Vascular alterations cause an increase in the production of the beta amyloid peptide, which in turn leads to cognitive and cholinergic deficit through mitochondrial damage, increased oxidative stress, and rupture of the blood-brain barrier. Meanwhile, the beta amyloid peptide causes vasoconstriction by decreasing nitric oxide levels. Two murine models of comorbidity have been described in the literature using rats as experimental animals. In these models, vascular alteration is induced by intracerebral administration of endothelin 1 or by occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Alzheimer's disease, on the other hand, is modeled by intracerebral injection of beta amyloid peptide. Currently, there is no treatment specifically directed at mixed dementia. Those available are aimed at attenuating symptoms related to memory loss and cognitive disorders in Alzheimer's disease and preventing vascular diseases.
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of dementia; BIOLOGICAL models; ALZHEIMER'S disease; BLOOD vessels; VASOCONSTRICTION; BLOOD-brain barrier; ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents; OXIDATIVE stress; EXPERIMENTAL design; INJECTIONS; MEDICAL research; DEMENTIA; AMYLOID beta-protein precursor; ENDOTHELINS; SYMPTOMS
- Publication
Archivos de Neurociencias, 2024, Vol 29, Issue 4, p161
- ISSN
1028-5938
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.24875/ANC.M24000015