Voluntary versus mandatory food labels, Australia.

Jones, Alexandra; Maganja, Damian; Shahid, Maria; Neal, Bruce; Pettigrew, Simone

Objective To compare uptake of the voluntary Health Star Rating front-of-pack nutrition labelling system with uptake of a mostly mandatory country-of-origin label in Australia over a similar period. Methods We used data on numbers and proportions of products carrying health stars and country-of-origin labelling recorded annually between 2015 and 2023 through surveys of four large Australian food retailers. We determined the proportion of products with health stars and country-of-origin labels for each year by dividing the number of products carrying each label by the total number eligible to carry that label. Findings The uptake of the voluntary Health Star Rating increased steadily between 2014 and 2018, reaching a maximum of 42% (8587/20 286) of products in 2021 before decreasing to 39% (8572/22 147) in 2023. Mandatory country-of-origin labelling uptake rose rapidly and was found on 93% (17 567/18 923) of products in 2023. In categories where country-of-origin labelling was voluntary, uptake by 2023 was 48% (3313/6925). In our 2023 sample of 22 147 products, 11 055 (50%) carried country-of-origin labelling only, 7466 (35%) carried both health star and country-of-origin labelling, 1106 (5%) carried health star labels only and 2520 (11%) carried neither label. Conclusion The experience with country-of-origin labelling shows that widespread and rapid food labelling change can be achieved when required by law. The Australian government should mandate the Health Star Rating without delay. Australia's experience supports other jurisdictions in implementing mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling as well as updates to global guidance to recognize mandatory labelling as best-practice in delivering benefits to consumers.

AUSTRALIA; FOOD labeling laws; HEALTH information services; FOOD quality; PUBLIC health laws; FOOD service; FOOD packaging; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; FOOD labeling; SURVEYS; ADVERTISING; FOOD industry; MEDICINE information services

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2024, Vol 102, Issue 10, p691

0042-9686

Academic Journal

10.2471/BLT.24.291629