The article examines the value theories applied to the sugar industry. The publication of U.S. government reports giving facts and statistics in regard to industries in the U.S. affords good opportunities for testing the teachings of economic theory. In 1917, two such reports have appeared relating to sugar, one on the beet sugar industry, prepared by the Federal Trade Commission, and the other on the cane sugar industry, prepared by the Department of Commerce. The sugar industry is partly extractive and partly manufacturing, and according to the theory, therefore, it should illustrate, on the one hand, the phenomena of varying cost and producers' surplus, and, on the other hand, uniform cost and the representative firm.