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- Title
Utilization of agricultural waste to reduce enteric methane emissions on livestock in tropical environment.
- Authors
Sulistyo; Pranoto; Mahajoeno, E.; Pranolo, S. H.; Sofyan, A.; Herdian, H.; Haryanto, B.; Praptana, R. H.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The livestock sector contributes to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Livestock emissions primarily stem from enteric fermentation, a process heavily impacted by the quality of the animals' feed. The utilization of fermented rice straw as a source of crude fiber for animal feed is one solution for providing high-quality feed. Central Java plays a significant role in the cattle farming and rice production sectors within Indonesia Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from fermented straw feed formula commonly practiced by cattle farmers in Central Java. METHODS: In vitro experiments were carried out to measure greenhouse gas production, utilizing three different formulas that were arranged in a completely randomized design with six replications. The three feed formula treatments were: 30 percent king grass 35 percent rice bran 35 percent wheat bran (treatment one), 30 percent fermented rice straw 35 percent rice bran 35 percent wheat bran (treatment two), and 30 percent fermented rice straw 70 percent concentrate (treatment three). The analysis of nutrient composition and enteric gas emissions was conducted to evaluate the quality of the feed formulation, as well as to assess both feed digestibility and the production of greenhouse gases throughout the digestive process. The gas production was measured at regular intervals of 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours. The methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide contents were analyzed using gas chromatography. The nutrient content and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were examined through analysis of variance, while the estimated greenhouse gas emissions were determined utilizing the ideal gas equation approach. FINDINGS: The quality of the feed formula influences the amountof greenhouse gases emission produced by enteric fermentation processes. The quality of the feed in treatment one was comparable to that observed in treatment two. The treatment three feed formulation had a crude protein content approximately 3 percent higher than that of treatment one and treatment two. There were no significant variations observed in the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter values across the different treatments. The feed formula treatment two can reduce potential greenhouse gas emissions by 1.81 percent from treatment one, whereas treatment three can reduce potential greenhouse gas emissions by 27.78 percent from treatment one and by 26.4 percent from treatment two. These results indicate that feed formulas with higher crude protein content have greater potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This result provides a basis for implementing strategies aimed at enhancing feed quality by making use of agricultural waste, as part of a broader effort to manage livestock with lower greenhouse gas emissions. CONCLUSION: Utilization of fermented straw has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting from enteric fermentation and contamination of unutilized straw waste and has the opportunity to reduce land use and greenhouse gas emissions from forage plants. It is imperative to enhance the quality of feed in order to effectively utilize fermented straw as a feed with low greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential to conduct more extensive studies on the variations in feed formulations that arise from regional resource disparities, the economic viability of incorporating fermented straw with diverse feed components, and the life cycle assessment of straw utilization as a feed ingredient based on geographical, social, economic, technological, and environmental dimensions.
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation; GREENHOUSE gases; FORAGE plants; FERMENTATION of feeds; AGRICULTURAL wastes; RICE straw; WHEAT straw
- Publication
Global Journal of Environmental Science & Management (GJESM), 2024, Vol 10, p263
- ISSN
2383-3572
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.22034/gjesm.2024.10.S1.17