[Objectives] To establish a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the analysis of the major components in Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO). [Methods] An ultrasensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of three highly abundant components in rat plasma samples. Paeonol was used as an internal standard. A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) model was employed for the quantification of the three major components of CAVO. [Results] The method demonstrated linearity over the range of 0.25 to 50 p,g/mL with a correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.999 8. The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 p,g/mL. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were within 15%. Extraction recovery and matrix effect values ranged from 90.1% to 110.6% and 0.1% to 2.1%, respectively. [Conclusions] This method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the three components in high-level CAVO plasma samples, providing a basis for subsequent studies of CAVO.