间苯三酚法合成 TATB 反应安全风险评估及热分析.

张 鹏; 李新锐; 李天宇; 刘 慧; 许 诚; 郭 浩; 陈 松; 吕智星

To identify the risks of the phloroglucinol method for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB), a safety risk assessment was conducted. Utilizing the risk matrix method and characteristic temperature grading method, the thermal risk parameters associated with nitration, alkylation, and amination reactions in the synthesis process were tested using differential scanning calorimeter, reaction calorimeter, and adiabatic accelerating calorimeter, and the values of TMRad and TD24 were also predicted. Combining with the study of reaction mechanisms and the exothermic characteristics of the reaction systems under process conditions, the process hazard level was assessed. The thermal stabilities of 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TNPG), 1,3,5-triethoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TETNB), and TATB were investigated by using DSC method. The non-isothermal kinetic parameters and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using Kissinger and Ozawa methods. Results show that the process hazard is rated as level 5 for both nitration and alkylation processes, indicating high explosion risk. While the process hazard is rated as level 1 for amination process. The mechanical sensitivity of TNPG, TETNB, and TATB demonstrate a certain correlation with their apparent activation energies. The greater the apparent activation energy, the less the sensitivity to mechanical stimulation.

EXOTHERMIC reactions; ACTIVATION energy; DEBYE temperatures; INDUSTRIAL safety; ALKYLATION

Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2024, Vol 47, Issue 11, p1046

1007-7812

Academic Journal

10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202401010