For example, cells of increasing ploidy often exhibit an increase in size that results in a smaller cell surface-to-volume ratio that may alter cell properties. I neoformans i cells are able to switch between haploid and diploid states through a sexual cycle, where the diploid state immediately undergoes meiosis and ploidy reduction. Asexual ploidy shifts, which describe changes in complete sets of chromosomes via a nonsexual reproductive cycle, are widespread in nature.