Responding to rapid and radical change is a major challenge for enterprises in economic environments in transition. This research examines the adaptability of firms and its relationship to company performance using an information processing approach. Samples of firms in the United States and Romania were examined. A comparison of the adaptation approaches of American and Romanian companies is made taking into consideration differences in the business environments and in corporate culture. The relationship between adaptability and performance was found to be non-linear. Perceived turbulence is a moderator and not an antecedent for the relationship between adaptability, its components, and performance. Corporate culture is a determinant of adaptability and its components. When Romanian and American firms were compared, the non-linear relationship between information filtering and performance appeared to be stronger for Romanian firms.