In response to conventional viscosifiers exhibiting poor performance under high temperature and high salt conditions rendering them ineffective for high-temperature deep reservoirs, this study prepared a novel nanocomposite (E-APNC) via in situ polymerization using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N, N diethylacrylamide, N, N methylenebisacrylamide and nano-SiO2 particles (E-np) as raw materials. E-APNC synthetic condition was optimized by orthogonal experimentation, and the molecular structure of E-APNC was evidenced by FT-IR, E-APNC polymer fluid displayed good thickening performance at high temperatures with excellent rheological parameter such as viscosity increase, shear resistance, thermal stability, and salt tolerance. Through the 24 h static experiment, E-np has better dispersibility compared with nps and N-np. At 1%E-APNC, the apparent viscosity at room temperature reached 66 mPa·s, whereas the viscosity shear rate reached 60 mPa·s at high shear rate of 1021 s−1, showcasing the excellent viscosity increasing ability and good anti-shear performance of E-APNC. The apparent viscosity retention rate of the drilling fluid was 65% after aging at 200℃ for 16 h under 20% NaCl concentration probing its good temperature and salt resistance performance. Compared with polymer APNC and N-APNC, E-APNC showed strong shear resistance and good temperature resistance, salt resistance.