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- Title
Antioxidant Properties of Virgin Coconut Oil and its Cytotoxicity Towards Human Keratinocytes.
- Authors
Zainodin, Elly Liyana; Rashidi, Nur Fatihah; Abdul Mutalib, Haliza; Ishak, Bashirah; Ghazali, Ahmad Rohi
- Abstract
Background: Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is rich in medium-chain fatty acids and bioactive constituents such as vitamin E and polyphenols, rendering it an appealing natural ingredient for medicinal and cosmeceutical skin applications. Its use on the skin warrants cytotoxicity assessment to ensure safety and efficacy. This study evaluated VCO's antioxidant properties and its cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Methods: Fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The antioxidant potential of serial doses of VCO (45%, 22.5%, 11.3%, 5.6% and 2.8%) was assessed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Cytotoxicity was determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human keratinocytes. Results: GC-FID analysis revealed lauric acid as the predominant fatty acid, accounting for 46.4% of the total composition. VCO exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with statistically significant differences across concentrations (F (4, 320) = 143.2, P <.0001) and compared to positive control Trolox (F(1, 320) = 13,201, P <.0001). The FRAP assay showed a statistically significant difference in ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) among various concentrations (F(4, 35) = 17.65, P =.02). A dose-dependent decrease in HaCaT cell viability was observed with IC50 identified at 17.8% v/v. VCO was mildly cytotoxic to HaCaT at 11.3% v/v (74.36 + 5.41% cell viability). One-way ANOVA showed significant differences across concentration groups (F(5, 150) = 69.68, P <.0001). Tukey's post-hoc indicated significant differences from the negative control (P <.0001) and between the pairwise groups of 11.3% and 22.5% v/v (P =.0001). Conclusion: VCO possesses antioxidant properties, but future formulation and application for skin may consider using an optimal concentration below 11.3% v/v.
- Subjects
FLAME ionization detectors; CYTOTOXINS; COCONUT oil; LAURIC acid; VITAMIN E
- Publication
Natural Product Communications, 2024, Vol 19, Issue 12, p1
- ISSN
1934-578X
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1177/1934578X241309739