Crater Lake Kipyashchee in the Caldera of Golovnin Volcano: Water and Gas Geochemistry, Output of Magmatic Volatiles (Kunashir Island).

Kalacheva, E. G.; Taran, Yu. A.; Voloshina, E. V.; Tarasov, K. V.; Melnikov, D. V.; Kotenko, T. A.; Erdnieva, D. Yu.

Lake Kipyashchee ~4.6 ha in area whose greatest depth is 25 m fills an explosion crater near an extrusive dome in the Golovnin caldera. The lake water is ultra acid (рН 2.2–2.5), is of the chloride–sulfate type with a salinity of 2.0–2.2 g/L. The water temperature varies between 30 and 100°С at the surface, with the mean value being 37°С. The lake emptied itself via Protoka into Lake Goryachee at a rate of 120 L/s in August 2021. The hydrothermal drainage of magmatic Cl and S (in the form SO4) from Lake Kipyashchee is 10 and 5.4 t/day, respectively. The first ever estimate of the total diffusion output of carbon dioxide from the surface of Lake Kipyashchee is over 5.4 t/day. The geochemical data acquired during the 2020–2021 field surveys indicate an increase (compared with 2015) in the hydrothermal activity in the Golovnin caldera.

CRATER lakes; GEOCHEMISTRY; CALDERAS; WATER temperature; VOLCANOES; FIELD research

Journal of Volcanology & Seismology, 2023, Vol 17, Issue 1, p1

0742-0463

Academic Journal

10.1134/S0742046322700063