The dynamics of water quality in the Upper Volga was analyzed in the segment from the source to the Ivankovo Reservoir. It was found that the increase in anthropogenic stress in this region leads to an increase in the concentrations of sulfates and chloride-ions in river water. Overall, the water in the Upper Volga is characterized as polluted. Microelement concentrations in bottom sediments in the river and in the Ivankovo Reservoir (Tver region) were found to differ radically. Areals of bottom sediments with high sorption of heavy metals were identified near Tver and Konakovo cities. Field studies of the state of bottom sediments of the Ivankovo Reservoir showed a distinct trend toward the accumulation of heavy metals in them.