The hypothalamus is a regulatory center that controls homeostasis, reproduction, circadian rhythms, and the endocrine system. It is also involved in the regulation of aging. The expression of insulin receptors (INR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) was studied in neurons of the arcuate (ARN), dorsomedial (DMN), and ventromedial (VMN) tuberal nuclei of the rat hypothalamus in young (2 months), adult (12 months), and old (24 months) male Wistar rats using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. The results showed that INR and IRS1 expression in neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamic nuclei changes in opposite directions with age. INR expression decreases in the ARN and increases in the DMN and VMN, while IRS1 expression is unchanged in the ARN and VMN and decreases in the DMN.