This study examined the effect of neuropeptide Y Y1-receptor blockade both alone, and in interaction withα1-adrenoceptor antagonism, on basal hindlimb vascular conductance in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Hindlimb vascular conductance was measured during infusion of BIBP3226 (Y1-receptor antagonist; 100μg kg−1), prazosin (α1-receptor antagonist; 20μg kg−1), and combined blockade. In males, vascular conductance increased 1.1± 0.3μl min−1 mmHg−1 above baseline with BIBP3226, and 2.4± 0.4μl min−1 mmHg−1 above baseline with prazosin (bothP−1 mmHg−1) was greater than the sum of the independent BIBP3226 and prazosin responses (P1-receptor blockade. However,α1-receptor blockade resulted in a 3.5± 0.6μl min−1 mmHg−1 increase in vascular conductance above baseline, which was not different than the combined blockade condition. Males had greater skeletal muscle neuropeptide Y concentration (P1-receptor expression (P1-receptor dependent control of vascular conductance in skeletal muscle was greater in maleversusfemale rats.