Integrated pest management techniques in thistle suppression in pastures of North America.

Trumble, J. T.; Kok, L. T.

Thistles in the genera Carduus, Cirsium, Onopordum, and Silybum of the subtribe Carduinae have been the subjects of considerable research designed for chemical, biological, cultural, and integrated control in the United States. Problems and costs associated with chemical and cultural control techniques stimulated the introduction of biological control agents from many locations in Europe and the Middle East. Although some natural enemies have successfully suppressed thistle infestations, economic losses during the time lags between introduction and effective suppression prompted investigations into integrated control procedures. The rationale, history, and potential direction for thistle suppression has been documented in this manuscript.

PEST control; CARDUUS; THISTLES; CIRSIUM; ONOPORDUM; SILYBUM

Weed Research, 1982, Vol 22, Issue 6, p345

0043-1737

Academic Journal

10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00511.x