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- Title
Methane fluxes in tidal marshes of the conterminous United States.
- Authors
Arias-Ortiz, Ariane; Wolfe, Jaxine; Bridgham, Scott D; Knox, Sara; McNicol, Gavin; Needelman, Brian A; Shahan, Julie; Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen J; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Oikawa, Patty Y; Baldocchi, Dennis D; Caplan, Joshua S; Capooci, Margaret; Czapla, Kenneth M; Derby, R Kyle; Diefenderfer, Heida L; Forbrich, Inke; Groseclose, Gina; Keller, Jason K; Kelley, Cheryl; Keshta, Amr E; Kleiner, Helena S; Krauss, Ken W; Lane, Robert R; Mack, Sarah; Moseman-Valtierra, Serena; Mozdzer, Thomas J; Mueller, Peter; Neubauer, Scott C; Noyce, Genevieve; Schäfer, Karina V R; Sanders-DeMott, Rebecca; Schutte, Charles A; Vargas, Rodrigo; Weston, Nathaniel B; Wilson, Benjamin; Megonigal, J Patrick; Holmquist, James R
- Abstract
Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with atmospheric concentrations that have nearly tripled since pre-industrial times. Wetlands account for a large share of global CH 4 emissions, yet the magnitude and factors controlling CH 4 fluxes in tidal wetlands remain uncertain. We synthesized CH 4 flux data from 100 chamber and 9 eddy covariance (EC) sites across tidal marshes in the conterminous United States to assess controlling factors and improve predictions of CH 4 emissions. This effort included creating an open-source database of chamber-based GHG fluxes (https://doi.org/10.25573/serc.14227085). Annual fluxes across chamber and EC sites averaged 26 ± 53 g CH 4 m -2 year -1 , with a median of 3.9 g CH 4 m -2 year -1 , and only 25% of sites exceeding 18 g CH 4 m -2 year -1 . The highest fluxes were observed at fresh-oligohaline sites with daily maximum temperature normals (MATmax) above 25.6°C. These were followed by frequently inundated low and mid-fresh-oligohaline marshes with MATmax ≤25.6°C, and mesohaline sites with MATmax >19°C. Quantile regressions of paired chamber CH 4 flux and porewater biogeochemistry revealed that the 90th percentile of fluxes fell below 5 ± 3 nmol m -2 s -1 at sulfate concentrations >4.7 ± 0.6 mM, porewater salinity >21 ± 2 psu, or surface water salinity >15 ± 3 psu. Across sites, salinity was the dominant predictor of annual CH 4 fluxes, while within sites, temperature, gross primary productivity (GPP), and tidal height controlled variability at diel and seasonal scales. At the diel scale, GPP preceded temperature in importance for predicting CH 4 flux changes, while the opposite was observed at the seasonal scale. Water levels influenced the timing and pathway of diel CH 4 fluxes, with pulsed releases of stored CH 4 at low to rising tide. This study provides data and methods to improve tidal marsh CH 4 emission estimates, support blue carbon assessments, and refine national and global GHG inventories.
- Publication
Global change biology, 2024, Vol 30, Issue 9, pe17462
- ISSN
1365-2486
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1111/gcb.17462