The article presents a study on the measurement of thorium (Th) and radium (Ra) in the titanium mineral ilmenite, and its radiological implications in the production of titanium dioxide in India. It discusses the concentrations of thorium and radium in ilmenite, systhetic rule and titanium dioxide. Rates of external gamma exposure and the airborne thorium level in plants processing like minerals are tackled. Concentrations of the nuclides in liquid effluent and solid waste, as well as the disequilibria with respect to 228Ra are analyzed.