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- Title
Multidimensional Developments and Free-Play Movement Tracking in 30- to 36-Month-Old Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Were Full Term.
- Authors
Yang, Yu-Ching; Lu, Lu; Jeng, Suh-Fang; Tsao, Po-Nien; Cheong, Pou-Leng; Li, Yao-Jen; Wang, Shih-Ya; Huang, Hsiao-Ching; Wu, Yen-Tzu
- Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated multidimensional developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with an early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective This study compared cognitive, motor, and behavioral developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with ASD who were full term (FT-ASD), toddlers who were full term and are typically developing (FT-TD), and toddlers who were born preterm and had a very low birth weight (VLBW-PT). Design This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Methods Forty-five 30- to 36-month-old age-matched toddlers were recruited and divided into FT-ASD, FT-TD, and VLBW-PT groups. Their developments were examined using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning; the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition; the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5 to 5; and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. In addition, the toddlers' free-play movements were tracked in laboratory settings using an automatic movement tracking system. Results Toddlers with FT-ASD exhibited lower cognitive and motor scores and a higher degree of behavioral problems compared with toddlers with FT-TD or VLBW-PT. Furthermore, the movement tracking data in a free-play setting revealed that toddlers with FT-ASD displayed a higher degree of turning velocity, a higher moving time, and a higher frequency of moving toward the peripheral region compared with toddlers with FT-TD or VLBW-PT. Moreover, several motor developmental and movement-tracking indicators were found to correlate with behavioral problems and cognitive scores in toddlers with FT-ASD. Limitations The study results may have been affected by the small sample size, the cross-sectional design, and tracking only the whole body without subtle movements or segmental motions. Conclusions The findings suggest varied aspects of co-occurring developmental conditions and movement-based problems in toddlers with FT-ASD. Using standardized and sensitive measures for the early assessment of perceptuo-motor impairments is necessary for timely early intervention for such toddlers.
- Subjects
AUTISM; CHILD development; STATISTICAL correlation; FISHER exact test; KINEMATICS; LONGITUDINAL method; RESEARCH funding; STATISTICS; DATA analysis; BODY movement; CROSS-sectional method; DATA analysis software; KRUSKAL-Wallis Test; ONE-way analysis of variance; CHILDREN
- Publication
Physical Therapy, 2019, Vol 99, Issue 11, p1535
- ISSN
0031-9023
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1093/ptj/pzz114