Development and validation of the knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotics and resistance (KAAR-11) questionnaire for primary care physicians.

López-Vázquez, Paula; Vázquez-Lago, Juan Manuel; Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Cristian; Piñeiro-Lamas, Maréa; López-Durán, Ana; Herdeiro, Maria Teresa; Figueiras, Adolfo; Piñeiro-Lamas, María; GREPHEPI Group

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a novel, self-administered questionnaire to identify primary-care physicians' knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotics and resistance (KAAR).Methods: The study population comprised primary care physicians. The study was conducted in five phases. Phase I consisted of a systematic review and qualitative focus-group study (n = 33 physicians), in which items were formulated so as to be measured on a continuous, visual analogue scale (VAS); in Phase II, content validation and face validity were evaluated by a panel of experts, which reformulated, added and deleted items; Phase III consisted of a pilot study on a population possessing similar characteristics (n = 15); in Phase IV, we analysed reliability by means of a test-retest study (n = 91) and calculated the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); and in Phase V, we assessed construct validity by applying the known-groups technique, measuring the differences between contrasting groups of physicians formed according to antibiotic prescription quality indicators (group 1, n = 156 versus group 2, n = 191).Results: Following Phases I and II, the questionnaire contained 16 knowledge and attitude items. Participants in the pilot study (Phase III) reported no difficulty. The test-retest study (Phase IV) showed that 11 of the 16 initial knowledge and attitude items yielded an ICC > 0.5, while analysis of known-groups validity (Phase V) showed that 13 of the 16 initial items which assessed knowledge and attitudes discriminated between physicians with good and bad indicators of antibiotics prescription.Conclusion: The final 11 item KAAR questionnaire appears to be valid, reliable and responsive.

ANTIBIOTICS; PRIMARY care; PHYSICIANS; THEORY of knowledge; QUESTIONNAIRES; ATTITUDE (Psychology); COMPARATIVE studies; DRUG resistance in microorganisms; HEALTH attitudes; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; MEDICAL personnel; GENERAL practitioners; RESEARCH; RESEARCH evaluation; PILOT projects; EVALUATION research; PHARMACODYNAMICS

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (JAC), 2016, Vol 71, Issue 10, p2972

0305-7453

Academic Journal

10.1093/jac/dkw238