A new pinoresinol-type Lignan, 9α-angloyloxypinoresinol ( 1 ), was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Ligularia kanaitizensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz, in addition to a known compound, 9α -hydroxypinoresinol ( 2 ). The structure of this new lignan ( 1 ) was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Anti-HIV-1 RT biological assay showed that 1 was inhibitory to HIV-1 RT.