Results
Title

The prevalence and concentration of aflatoxins in beers: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment.

Authors

Fakhri, Yadolah; Ranaei, Vahid; Pilevar, Zahra; Moradi, Mahboobeh; Mahmoudizeh, Amirhossein; Hemmati, Fatemeh; Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin

Abstract

Mycotoxins have been identified as considerable contaminants in beer. The current investigation's concentration and prevalence of aflatoxins (AFs) in beer were meta-analyzed. The health risk of consumers was estimated through MOEs in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. The rank order of AFs in beer based on pooled prevalence was AFB1 (26.00%) > AFG1 (14.93%) > AFB2 (7.69%) > AFG2 (7.52%), In addition, the rank order of AFs in beer based on their pooled concentration was AFG1 (0.505 µg/l) > AFB1 (0.469 µg/l) > AFB2 (0.134 µg/l) > AFG2 (0.071 µg/l). The prevalence and concentration of AFs in beer in Malawi were higher than in other countries. The health risk assessment shows consumers in all countries, especially Malawi, Brazil, and Cameroon, are exposed to unacceptably health risks (MOEs <10,000). It is recommended to monitor levels of AFs in beer efficiently and implement control plans in order to decrease health risk of exposed population.

Subjects

MALAWI; FOOD contamination prevention; ALCOHOLIC beverage analysis; RISK assessment; COMPUTER simulation; MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems; META-analysis; DISEASE prevalence; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; AFLATOXINS; FOOD contamination; SYSTEMATIC reviews; MEDLINE; PUBLIC health; ONLINE information services

Publication

International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2025, Vol 35, Issue 2, p521

ISSN

0960-3123

Publication type

Academic Journal

DOI

10.1080/09603123.2024.2362816