One of the important characteristics of the quality of the coating is its roughness, which has a great influence on the performance characteristics of machine parts and tools. The paper proposes an approach to modelling the change in roughness during the formation of coatings in the process of electric-sputtering doping (ESA) and the formation of waviness on the surface depending on the energy regimes of the process. The microrelief of the coating formed during the execution of the ESA differs significantly from the microrelief after machining and has increased numerical values of the relative reference length of the surface profile. The energy characteristics of the ESA process significantly affect the roughness of the formed coatings. At high values of released energy, wavyness is formed additionally with an increase in roughness on the coating, which is reflected upon further processing in a decrease in the relative reference length of the profile compared with the largest values, which limits the possibility of improving the performance properties of the coating. These values of the released energy can be considered the ultimate in terms of the qualitative formation of the geometric characteristics of coatings, and they can be an additional limiting criterion for the continuation of the ESA process.