The article presents the introduction on the special issue of on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Giftedness. It states that the article in the issue of Cognitive Neuroscience of Giftedness span from investigating relationships between brain structure and human intelligence, neuropsychological profiles of savants, functional brain patterns of mathematical processing in gifted adolescents and functional brain patterns of fluid analogizing. It highlights that the goal of the first part of the issue is to present a premier for better understanding the methods and limitations of neuroimaging.