A Korean artificial heart (AnyHeart) has been implanted in 29 various animals (52–470 kg) to evaluate hemodynamic performance and electromechanical stability. Most were implantable biventricular assist devices in use. A right thoracotomy approach has been a standard technique of implantation. A preclinical fitting test was also performed to observe anatomical feasibility and to compare surgical techniques in 10 human cadavers. The first case of human application was made as a lifesaving procedure on June 12, 2001.