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- Title
Micro-vibration assisted dual-layer spiral microneedles to rapidly extract dermal interstitial fluid for minimally invasive detection of glucose.
- Authors
Saifullah, Khaled Mohammed; Mushtaq, Asim; Azarikhah, Pouria; Prewett, Philip D.; Davies, Graham J.; Faraji Rad, Zahra
- Abstract
Various hydrogels have been explored to create minimally invasive microneedles (MNs) to extract interstitial fluid (ISF). However, current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10–15 min to extract 3–5 mg of ISF. This study introduces two spiral-shaped swellable MN arrays: one made of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the other incorporating a combination of PVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for fast ISF extraction. These MN arrays demonstrated a rapid swelling ratio of 560 ± 79.6% and 370 ± 34.1% in artificial ISF within 10 min, respectively. Additionally, this study proposes a novel method that combines MNs with a custom-designed Arduino-based applicator vibrating at frequency ranges (50–100 Hz) to improve skin penetration efficiency, thereby enhancing the uptake of ISF in ex vivo. This dynamic combination enables GelMA/PVA MNs to rapidly uptake 6.41 ± 1.01 mg of ISF in just 5 min, while PVA/PVP/HA MNs extract 5.38 ± 0.77 mg of ISF within the same timeframe. To validate the capability of the MNs to recover glucose as the target biomarker, a mild heating procedure is used, followed by determining glucose concentration using a d-glucose content assay kit. The efficient extraction of ISF and glucose detection capabilities of the spiral MNs suggest their potential for rapid and minimally invasive biomarker sensing.
- Subjects
EXTRACELLULAR fluid; POLYVINYL alcohol; POVIDONE; BIOMARKERS; HYDROGELS
- Publication
Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 2025, Vol 11, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2096-1030
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1038/s41378-024-00850-x