The article offers information on several studies related to microbiology. It says that a type III secretion system (T3SS) is required by the Salmonella enterica subspecie enterica serovar Typhimurium to colonize the intestinal epithelium. It discusses the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to the pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the human genome. It notes that the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) enhances cyclin D1 activity, promoting growth of infected beta cells (B cells).