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- Title
Premature refutation of a human-mediated marine species introduction: the case history of the marine snail Littorina littorea in the Northwestern Atlantic.
- Authors
John Chapman; James Carlton; M. Bellinger; April Blakeslee
- Abstract
Abstract  The closely documented spread of the European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea from Pictou, Nova Scotia in 1840 to New Jersey by 1870, its near absence in pre-European fossil deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe, are among the clearest evidence of a human-mediated marine introduction ever reported. Genetic data were recently proposed as evidence that North American L. littorea predate European contact and thus, are not introduced. Review of these genetic data and all other data reveals that the simplest explanation of the modern occurrence of this snail in North America is by human introduction.
- Subjects
EVIDENCE; FOSSILS; ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; SOCIETIES
- Publication
Biological Invasions, 2007, Vol 9, Issue 8, p995
- ISSN
1387-3547
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1007/s10530-007-9098-9