A 2-Year Longitudinal Randomized Control Trial of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training in Aging Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Results of the Think Fast Study.

Vance, David E.; Fazeli, Pariya L.; Azuero, Andres; Frank, Jennifer S.; Wadley, Virginia G.; Raper, James L.; Pope, Caitlin N.; Ball, Karlene K.

Nearly 40% of people with HIV (PWH) experience HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). In this 3-group efficacy study, 216 PWH 40 + years with HAND or borderline HAND were randomized to either: (1) 10 h of SOP training (n = 70); (2) 20 h of SOP training (n = 73), or (3) 10 h of Internet navigation training (n = 73; contact control group). Participants were administered a measure of SOP [i.e., the Useful Field of View Test (UFOV®)] at baseline, at posttest immediately after training, and at year 1 and year 2 follow up. Intent-to-treat linear mixed-effect models with subject-specific intercept and slope were fitted to estimate between-group mean differences at the follow-up time-points. At the post-intervention time-point, small beneficial SOP training effects were observed for the 10-h group in UFOV® total (d = 0.28, p = 0.002). Effects were of larger magnitude for the 20-h group in these same outcomes [UFOV® total (d = 0.43, p < 0.001)]. These results indicated better benefit with more training. No intervention effect was observed at year 1. At year 2, beneficial effects of small magnitude were observed again in the 10-h group [UFOV® total (d = 0.22, p = 0.253)] with larger small-to-moderate magnitude in the 20-h group [UFOV® total (d = 0.32, p = 0.104)]. This study suggests that SOP training can improve a key indicator of this cognitive performance and that treatment gains are small-to-moderate over a two-year period. Prior literature suggests slower SOP is predictive of impairment in everyday functioning in older PWH; such an approach could potentially improve everyday functioning in PWH.

MENTAL illness risk factors; HIV infection complications; STATISTICAL models; COGNITIVE testing; RESEARCH funding; EDUCATIONAL outcomes; HIV-positive persons; COGNITIVE processing speed; STATISTICAL sampling; INTERNET; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; LONGITUDINAL method; PRE-tests & post-tests; COGNITIVE therapy; VISUAL fields; PATIENT aftercare; ACTIVITIES of daily living; OLD age

AIDS & Behavior, 2024, Vol 28, Issue 10, p3300

1090-7165

Academic Journal

10.1007/s10461-024-04409-9