SOD1 and TDP-43 animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances in understanding disease toward the development of clinical treatments.

Joyce, Peter I.; Fratta, Pietro; Fisher, Elizabeth M. C.; Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease with no cure. Breakthroughs in understanding ALS pathogenesis came with the discovery of dominant mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene ( SOD1) and other genes, including the gene encoding transactivating response element DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43). This has led to the creation of animal models to further our understanding of the disease and identify a number of ALS-causing mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding and aggregation, oxidative damage, neuronal excitotoxicity, non-cell autonomous effects and neuroinflammation, axonal transport defects, neurotrophin depletion, effects from extracellular mutant SOD1, and aberrant RNA processing. Here we summarise the SOD1 and TDP-43 animal models created to date, report on recent findings supporting the potential mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis, and correlate this understanding with current developments in the clinic.

AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis; MOTOR neuron diseases; SUPEROXIDE dismutase; DNA-binding proteins; ANIMAL models in research; MITOCHONDRIAL pathology

Mammalian Genome, 2011, Vol 22, Issue 7/8, p420

0938-8990

Academic Journal

10.1007/s00335-011-9339-1