The article in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging discusses a case where a 71-year-old male patient with symptoms of fatigue and numbness was initially suspected to have a cerebral infarction but was later diagnosed with neurosyphilis mimicking an intracranial malignant tumor. Various imaging techniques, including [68Ga] Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT, were used to detect the lesions, leading to the correct diagnosis of syphilitic encephalitis. The study highlights the potential of FAPI tracers in diagnosing both malignant and non-malignant diseases with high FAP expression in inflammatory and fibrotic tissues.