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- Title
Monitoring bisphenol A and estrogenic chemicals in thermal paper with yeast-based bioreporter assay.
- Authors
Rajasärkkä, Johanna; Koponen, Jani; Airaksinen, Riikka; Kiviranta, Hannu; Virta, Marko
- Abstract
Bioluminescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast-based bioreporters were used to monitor bisphenol A and other estrogenic chemicals in thermal paper samples collected mainly from Finland on two occasions in 2010/2011, and 2013. The bisphenol A-targeted (BPA-R) and the human oestrogen receptor (hERα) bioreporters were applied to analyse both non-treated and extracted paper samples. Bisphenol A was readily bioavailable to the yeast bioreporters on the non-treated paper samples without any pre-treatment. Detected concentrations ranged from a detection limit of 9-142 μg/g to over 20 mg/g of bisphenol A equivalents in the thermal papers. Low bisphenol A like activities were detected in many samples, and were considered to be caused by residual bisphenol A or other types of bisphenols, such as bisphenol S. Most of the thermal paper samples were toxic to the yeast bioreporters. The toxicity did not, however, depend on the bisphenol A concentration of the samples. The yeast bioreporters were demonstrated to be a robust and cost-efficient method to monitor thermal paper samples for their bisphenol A content and estrogenicity. Thermal paper was considered as a potential BPA source for both human exposure and environmental emission.
- Subjects
BISPHENOL A; SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae; ESTROGEN receptors; ENDOCRINE disruptors; YEAST; PAPER industry; POLYVINYL chloride
- Publication
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014, Vol 406, Issue 23, p5695
- ISSN
1618-2642
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1007/s00216-014-7812-x