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Title

On the optimization of 3D inflow‐based vascular‐space‐occupancy (iVASO) MRI for the quantification of arterial cerebral blood volume (CBVa).

Authors

Gu, Chunming; Li, Yinghao; Cao, Di; Miao, Xinyuan; Paez, Adrian G.; Sun, Yuanqi; Cai, Jitong; Li, Wenbo; Li, Xu; Pillai, Jay J.; Earley, Christopher J.; van Zijl, Peter C. M.; Hua, Jun

Abstract

Purpose: The inflow‐based vascular‐space‐occupancy (iVASO) MRI was originally developed in a single‐slice mode to measure arterial cerebral blood volume (CBVa). When vascular crushers are applied in iVASO, the signals can be sensitized predominantly to small pial arteries and arterioles. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic optimization and evaluation of a 3D iVASO sequence on both 3 T and 7 T for the quantification of CBVa values in the human brain. Methods: Three sets of experiments were performed in three separate cohorts. (1) 3D iVASO MRI protocols were compared to single‐slice iVASO, and the reproducibility of whole‐brain 3D iVASO MRI was evaluated. (2) The effects from different vascular crushers in iVASO were assessed. (3) 3D iVASO MRI results were evaluated in arterial and venous blood vessels identified using ultrasmall‐superparamagnetic‐iron‐oxides–enhanced MRI to validate its arterial origin. Results: 3D iVASO scans showed signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and CBVa measures consistent with single‐slice iVASO with reasonable intrasubject reproducibility. Among the iVASO scans performed with different vascular crushers, the whole‐brain 3D iVASO scan with a motion‐sensitized‐driven‐equilibrium preparation with two binomial refocusing pulses and an effective TE of 50 ms showed the best suppression of macrovascular signals, with a relatively low specific absorption rate. When no vascular crusher was applied, the CBVa maps from 3D iVASO scans showed large CBVa values in arterial vessels but well‐suppressed signals in venous vessels. Conclusion: A whole‐brain 3D iVASO MRI scan was optimized for CBVa measurement in the human brain. When only microvascular signals are desired, a motion‐sensitized‐driven‐equilibrium–based vascular crusher with binomial refocusing pulses can be applied in 3D iVASO.

Subjects

BLOOD volume; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; BLOOD vessels

Publication

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2024, Vol 91, Issue 5, p1893

ISSN

0740-3194

Publication type

Academic Journal

DOI

10.1002/mrm.29971

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