Creating a clinical platform for carbon‐13 studies using the sodium‐23 and proton resonances.

Grist, James T.; Hansen, Esben S.S.; Sánchez‐Heredia, Juan D.; McLean, Mary A.; Tougaard, Rasmus; Riemer, Frank; Schulte, Rolf F.; Kaggie, Joshua D.; Ardenkjaer‐Larsen, Jan Henrik; Laustsen, Christoffer; Gallagher, Ferdia A.

Purpose: Calibration of hyperpolarized 13C‐MRI is limited by the low signal from endogenous carbon‐containing molecules and consequently requires 13C‐enriched external phantoms. This study investigated the feasibility of using either 23Na‐MRI or 1H‐MRI to calibrate the 13C excitation. Methods: Commercial 13C‐coils were used to estimate the transmit gain and center frequency for 13C and 23Na resonances. Simulations of the transmit B1 profile of a Helmholtz loop were performed. Noise correlation was measured for both nuclei. A retrospective analysis of human data assessing the use of the 1H resonance to predict [1‐13C]pyruvate center frequency was also performed. In vivo experiments were undertaken in the lower limbs of 6 pigs following injection of hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate. Results: The difference in center frequencies and transmit gain between tissue 23Na and [1‐13C]pyruvate was reproducible, with a mean scale factor of 1.05179 ± 0.00001 and 10.4 ± 0.2 dB, respectively. Utilizing the 1H water peak, it was possible to retrospectively predict the 13C‐pyruvate center frequency with a standard deviation of only 11 Hz sufficient for spectral–spatial excitation‐based studies. Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility of using the 23Na and 1H resonances to calibrate the 13C transmit B1 using commercially available 13C‐coils. The method provides a simple approach for in vivo calibration and could improve clinical workflow.

PROTON magnetic resonance; FREQUENCY standards; LEG; STANDARD deviations; RETROSPECTIVE studies

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2020, Vol 84, Issue 4, p1817

0740-3194

Academic Journal

10.1002/mrm.28238