Five new cassane diterpenoids, caesalmins I-M ( 1- 5), and 23 known analogs were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported data. The antioxidant properties of 1- 28 were determined by the method of oxygen radical absorbance capacity of fluorescein (ORAC-FL), and 14 compounds exhibited good antioxidant activities with ORAC-FL values of 2.24-4.89 Trolox equivalents. The structureactivity relationship of the active compounds was also discussed.