In this work, self‐assembled NaBiO3 (Bi−NaBiO3) was fabricated via a facile ion‐exchange method. The synthesized Bi−NaBiO3 could produce huge amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with or without light illumination due to different mechanisms. In photocatalytic condition (PC), 0.2 Bi−NaBiO3 performed excellent catalytic property and high stability on the oxidation of liquid 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) and gaseous toluene, because of photo‐generated hole‐electron produced from Bi−NaBiO3. In dark condition (Dark), the self‐generated oxygen vacancy should be responsible for the generation of ROS leading to the oxidation of 4‐CP. According to materials characterization and EPR testing, for 0.2 Bi−NaBiO3, 1O2,.O2−, or.OH were detected during PC condition but only 1O2 was found in Dark condition. This work provides a novel material to remediation of polluted wastewater or indoor air both in PC and Dark conditions.