Biological Motion Perception, Brain Responses, and Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

Ji-Won Hur; Randolph Blake; Cho, Kang Ik K.; Jejoong Kim; So-Yeon Kim; Soo-Hee Choi; Do-Hyung Kang; Jun Soo Kwon; Hur, Ji-Won; Blake, Randolph; Kim, Jejoong; Kim, So-Yeon; Choi, Soo-Hee; Kang, Do-Hyung; Kwon, Jun Soo

Importance: Exploration of the ability to process socially relevant events portrayed by biological motion and to identify underlying neuronal processes can provide clues for understanding the pathophysiology of psychosis. Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) have pervasive interpersonal deficits and odd behaviors. An understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in the perception of biological motion and the relation of activity to clinical symptoms in those mechanisms is needed.Objective: To investigate the specificity of brain regions responsive to biological motion perception in individuals with SPD compared with healthy control individuals.Design, Setting, and Participants: Twenty-one patients diagnosed as having SPD and 38 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched controls underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The SPD group completed the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for assessment of symptom severity. During scanning, all participants were required to discriminate biological from scrambled sequences of point-light animations. Data were collected from September 21. 2011, to July 13, 2013, and analyzed from March to May 2015.Main Outcomes and Measures: Blood oxygenation level-dependent signals during event-related scanning and symptom severity in the SPD group.Results: The 21 individuals with SPD (16 men and 5 women) and 38 controls (29 men and 9 women) had a mean (SD) age, 22.8 (3.8) vs 22.2 (2.5) years and a mean (SD) IQ, 115.00 (12.55) vs 120.24 )7.68). Brain imaging revealed the presence of neuronal activation specific to biological motion within the posterior superior temporal sulcus. However, the individuals with SPD exhibited regions of neural responsiveness within brain regions forming the reward network, which consisted of the dorsal striatum and bilateral superior medial frontal cortex (all t ≥ 2.99, P of clusters Conclusions and Relevance: Individuals with SPD display heightened activation in the neural circuitry involved in reward and decision making when viewing biological motion stimuli in addition to a positive correlation between increased blood oxygenation level-dependent signal responses related to biological motions and clinical symptoms. These findings suggest that enhanced responses arise within the reward network in individuals with SPD and are possibly related to the peculiar ways that individuals with SPD behave in social contexts.

MOTION perception (Vision); SCHIZOTYPAL personality disorder; PERSONALITY disorder diagnosis; PSYCHOSES; PSYCHIATRIC treatment; FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging

JAMA Psychiatry, 2016, Vol 73, Issue 3, p260

2168-622X

Academic Journal

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2985