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- Title
Genetic regulation and variation of expression of miRNA and mRNA transcripts in fetal muscle tissue in the context of sex, dam and variable fetal weight.
- Authors
Ponsuksili, Siriluck; Murani, Eduard; Hadlich, Frieder; Perdomo-Sabogal, Alvaro; Trakooljul, Nares; Oster, Michael; Reyer, Henry; Wimmers, Klaus
- Abstract
Background: Impaired skeletal muscle growth in utero can result in reduced birth weight and pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction. Fetal and placental growth is influenced by many factors including genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. In fact, the sex and genotype of the fetus itself, as well as the mother providing it with a suitable environment, influence the growth of the fetus. Hence, our goal was to decipher and elucidate the molecular pathways of developmental processes mediated by miRNAs and mRNAs in fetal muscle tissue in the context of sex, dam, and fetal weight. Therefore, we analyse the variation of miRNA and mRNA expression in relation to these factors. In addition, the coincidence of genetic regulation of these mRNAs and miRNAs, as revealed by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, with sex-, mother- and weight-associated expression was investigated. Methods: A three-generation pig F2 population (n = 118) based on reciprocal crossing of German Landrace (DL) and Pietrain (Pi) was used. Genotype information and transcriptomic data (mRNA and miRNA) from longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of pig fetuses sampled at 63 days post-conception (dpc) were used for eQTL analyses. Results: The transcript abundances of 13, 853, and 275 probe-sets were influenced by sex, dam and fetal weight at 63 dpc, respectively (FDR < 5%). Most of significant transcripts affected by sex were located on the sex chromosomes including KDM6A and ANOS1 or autosomes including ANKS1B, LOC100155138 and miR-153. The fetal muscle transcripts associated with fetal weight indicated clearer metabolic directions than maternally influenced fetal muscle transcripts. Moreover, coincidence of genetic regulation (eQTL) and variation in transcript abundance due to sex, dam and fetal weight were identified. Conclusions: Integrating information on eQTL, sex-, dam- and weight-associated differential expression and QTL for fetal weight allowed us to identify molecular pathways and shed light on the basic biological processes associated with differential muscle development in males and females, with implications for adaptive fetal programming. Highlights: Sexual dimorphism of weight and muscle transcript abundance occurs during the prenatal development. Most sex-dependently expressed genes are located on the X or Y chromosome. Transcript levels associated with fetal weight are enriched in metabolic pathways. Coincidence of genetic regulation (eQTL) and variation in transcript abundance due to sex, dam and fetal weight was identified.
- Subjects
GENETIC regulation; FETAL tissues; GENETIC variation; X chromosome; GENE expression; LOCUS (Genetics); FETUS
- Publication
Biology of Sex Differences, 2022, Vol 13, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2042-6410
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s13293-022-00433-3