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- Title
Inflammation and fatness in adolescents with and without Down syndrome: UP & DOWN study.
- Authors
Gutierrez‐Hervas, A.; Gómez‐Martínez, S.; Izquierdo‐Gómez, R.; Veiga, O. L.; Perez‐Bey, A.; Castro‐Piñero, J.; Marcos, A.
- Abstract
Background: The main objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory status of adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and their relationship with adiposity. Methods: Ninety‐five adolescents with DS (44.2% girls) and a control group of 113 adolescents (47.8% girls), aged between 11 and 18 years old, from the UP & DOWN study were included in this substudy. Serum C‐reactive protein, C3 and C4 complement factors, total proteins, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, insulin, cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, galactin‐3 and visfatin were analysed; homeostatic model assessment index was calculated. In order to evaluate adiposity, we measured the following body fat variables: weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses. Birth weight was obtained by questionnaire. In addition, body mass index, waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated. Results: Down syndrome group showed higher levels of body mass index, WHtR, waist circumference, BF% and lower birth weight than controls (P < 0.001). In the general linear model in the total sample, WHtR was positively associated with C3 and C4 (P < 0.001) as well as with leptin levels (P = 0.015). BF% was positively associated with total proteins (P = 0.093) and leptin levels (P < 0.001). DS was positively associated with total proteins (P < 0.001), C3 (P = 0.047) and C4 (P = 0.019). Despite the higher levels of adiposity found in DS group, no direct association was found between BF% and leptin levels, comparing with the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that abdominal obesity should be controlled in adolescents because of its relationship with acute phase‐inflammatory biomarkers but especially in DS adolescents who may show a peculiar metabolic status according to their relationship between adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers.
- Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues; BIOMARKERS; BIRTH weight; BODY weight; C-reactive protein; INFLAMMATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATURE; LEPTIN; DOWN syndrome; BODY mass index; WAIST circumference; ADOLESCENCE
- Publication
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2020, Vol 64, Issue 2, p170
- ISSN
0964-2633
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jir.12697