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- Title
Effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in the ATBC study.
- Authors
Lai, G Y; Weinstein, S J; Taylor, P R; McGlynn, K A; Virtamo, J; Gail, M H; Albanes, D; Freedman, N D
- Abstract
Background:Recent data suggest the possible benefits of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD), but the long-term trial data are limited.Methods:We evaluated the efficacy of supplemental 50 mg day−1 α-tocopherol and 20 mg day−1 β-carotene on incident liver cancer and CLD mortality in a randomised trial of 29 105 Finnish male smokers, who received supplementation for 5-8 years and were followed for 16 additional years for outcomes.Results:Supplemental α-tocopherol, β-carotene, or both, relative to placebo, did not reduce the risk of liver cancer or CLD, either overall, during the intervention or during the post-intervention period.Conclusions:Long-term supplemental α-tocopherol or β-carotene had no effect on liver cancer or CLD mortality over 24 years of follow-up.
- Subjects
VITAMIN E in animal nutrition; CAROTENES; DIETARY supplements; CANCER risk factors; LIVER cancer; MORTALITY; CIGARETTE smokers
- Publication
British Journal of Cancer, 2014, Vol 111, Issue 12, p2220
- ISSN
0007-0920
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/bjc.2014.514