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- Title
Tridimensional sonographic anatomical changes on pelvic floor muscle according to the type of delivery.
- Authors
Cassadó Garriga, Jordi; Pessarrodona Isern, Antoni; Espuña Pons, Montserrat; Durán Retamal, Montserrat; Felgueroso Fabregas, Anna; Rodriguez-Carballeira, Monica
- Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of avulsion and postnatal hiatal dimensions with delivery mode. These anatomical changes on pelvic floor muscle may be assessed by 3-4D ultrasonography. Methods: This is a prospective observational study that included 164 women: 20 nulliparous, 20 primigravid, and 124 postpartum women (62 at 1 month, 62 at 9 months postpartum). We performed an introital 3-4D ultrasonography to assess levator ani muscle's integrity, levator hiatal area at rest, on Valsalva, and on contraction. Results: Levator ani avulsion was diagnosed in 59.5% of forceps deliveries. There were no statistically significant differences in postnatal hiatal dimensions between normal vaginal deliveries at 9 months postpartum and nulligravid. Levator hiatal area was significantly higher after forceps delivery. Conclusion: Low incidence of levator avulsion takes place in normal vaginal deliveries. However, forceps delivery is the riskiest type of delivery for pelvic floor pathology and its recovery.
- Subjects
AMPUTATION; ANATOMY; PELVIC floor; MUSCLES; ULTRASONIC imaging
- Publication
International Urogynecology Journal, 2011, Vol 22, Issue 8, p1011
- ISSN
0937-3462
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00192-011-1413-4