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- Title
Biodiesel Production in the Presence of Eggshell Nano-Catalyst.
- Authors
Dalvand, Payam; Mahdavian, Leila
- Abstract
The authors investigate biodiesel fuel and the possibility to utilize biodiesel as an environmentally-friendly alternative fuel for diesel applications in Iran. The common source of oil resources for biodiesel production is the vegetable seeds oil. In this study, the seeds of the castor-oil plant are selected to investigate the process of oil extraction and biodiesel production in a single-phase process. The production process is characterized by the factors of time, choice of catalyst, and the ratio of oil extracted by alcohol (ethanol). The calcined eggshell used as a nano-catalyst in the process of extraction has been previously powdered in a ball mill to the average particle diameter of 500 Å and annealed for two hours under the temperature of 1200°C immediately prior to the extraction reaction. The experimental results show that the optimal conditions for the single-phase process are as follows: the reaction time is 5 h, the catalyst amount is 3 g, and the ethanol/oil molar ratio is 4,5. Due to the presence of the eggshell nano-catalyst, the time of extraction is significantly reduced. Considering the economic and the cost issues, it was shown that the optimal parameters can provide the highest yield of biodiesel of sufficient quality. The results indicate that the vegetable seeds oil can be successfully used for biodiesel production, thus contributing to the fuel supply, as well as reducing air pollution.
- Subjects
IRAN; BIODIESEL fuels; VEGETABLE oils; DIESEL fuels; ALTERNATIVE fuels; OILSEEDS; EGGSHELLS; FORMYLATION; MANUFACTURING processes
- Publication
Chemistry & Technology of Fuels & Oils, 2022, Vol 58, Issue 1, p55
- ISSN
0009-3092
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10553-022-01351-1