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- Title
Apoptotic activity and gene responses in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, induced by azadirachtin A.
- Authors
Xu, Lin; Li, Sheng; Ran, Xueqin; Liu, Chang; Lin, Rutao; Wang, Jiafu
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Azadirachtin has been used as an antifeedant and growth disruption agent for many insect species. Previous investigations have reported the apoptotic effects of azadirachtin on some insect cells, but the molecular mechanisms are still not clear. This study investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms for the apoptotic effects induced by azadirachtin on Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells in vitro. RESULTS The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that azadirachtin exhibited significant cytotoxicity to S2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The changes in cellular morphology and the DNA fragmentation demonstrated that azadirachtin induced remarkable apoptosis of S2 cells. Expression levels of 276 genes were found to be significantly changed in S2 cells after exposure to azadirachtin, as detected by Drosophila genome array. Among these genes, calmodulin ( CaM) was the most highly upregulated gene. Azadirachtin was further demonstrated to trigger intracellular Ca2+ release in S2 cells. The genes related to the apoptosis pathway, determined from chip data, were validated by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. CONCLUSION The results showed that azadirachtin-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release was the primary event that triggered apoptosis in Drosophila S2 cells through both pathways of the Ca2+-CaM and EcR/Usp signalling cascade. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
- Subjects
DROSOPHILA melanogaster; APOPTOSIS; AZADIRACHTIN; ANTIFEEDANTS; INSECTS
- Publication
Pest Management Science, 2016, Vol 72, Issue 9, p1710
- ISSN
1526-498X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ps.4198