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- Title
Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 reduces endotoxaemic acute renal failure by down-regulating inflammation and renal cell apoptosis.
- Authors
Wang, Y; Huang, WC; Wang, CY; Tsai, CC; Chen, CL; Chang, YT; Kai, JI; Lin, CF; Huang, W C; Wang, C Y; Tsai, C C; Chen, C L; Chang, Y T; Kai, J I; Lin, C F
- Abstract
<bold>Background and Purpose: </bold>Excessive inflammation and apoptosis are pathological features of endotoxaemic acute renal failure. Activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. We investigated the effects of inhibiting GSK-3 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute renal failure, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inflammation and apoptosis.<bold>Experimental Approach: </bold>The effects of inhibiting GSK-3 with inhibitors, including lithium chloride (LiCl) and 6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), on LPS-treated (15 mg x kg(-1)) C3H/HeN mice (LiCl, 40 mg x kg(-1) and BIO, 2 mg x kg(-1)) and LPS-treated (1 microg x mL(-1)) renal epithelial cells (LiCl, 20 mM and BIO, 5 microM) were studied. Mouse survival was monitored and renal function was analysed by histological and serological examination. Cytokine and chemokine production, and cell apoptosis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling staining, respectively. Activation of NF-kappaB and GSK-3 was determined by immunostaining and Western blotting, respectively.<bold>Key Results: </bold>Mice treated with GSK-3 inhibitors showed decreased mortality, renal tubular dilatation, vacuolization and sloughing, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and renal cell apoptosis in response to endotoxaemia. Inhibiting GSK-3 reduced LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and CCL5/RANTES (released upon activation of normal T-cells) in vivo in mice and in vitro in murine kidney cortical collecting duct epithelial M1 cells. Inhibiting GSK-3 did not block TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity in rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E or in M1 cells.<bold>Conclusions and Implications: </bold>These results suggest that GSK-3 inhibition protects against endotoxaemic acute renal failure mainly by down-regulating pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and RANTES.
- Subjects
ACUTE kidney failure; GLYCOGEN synthase kinase-3; ENDOTOXINS; NF-kappa B; APOPTOSIS; CELL-mediated cytotoxicity; TUMOR necrosis factors; LABORATORY mice
- Publication
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2009, Vol 157, Issue 6, p1004
- ISSN
0007-1188
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00284.x