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- Title
Association between Serum Zinc and Toll-like-Receptor- Related Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases in Well-Nourished Children with a Low Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency: A Prospective Cohort Study.
- Authors
Liao, Sui-Ling; Hua, Man-Chin; Tsai, Ming-Han; Su, Kuan-Wen; Lin, Chi; Yao, Tsung-Chieh; Chen, Li-Chen; Yeh, Kuo-Wei; Huang, Jing-Long; Lai, Shen-Hao
- Abstract
Existing reports focus on zinc-associated immunity and infection in malnourished children; however, whether zinc also plays an important role in the immune homeostasis of the non-zinc-deficient population remained unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between zinc status and toll-like receptor (TLR)-related innate immunity and infectious outcome in well-nourished children. A total of 961 blood samples were collected from 1 through 5 years of age. Serum zinc was analyzed, and mononuclear cells isolated to assess TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 production by ELISA after stimulation with TLR ligands. Childhood infections were analyzed as binary outcomes with logistic regression. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 1.4–9.6% throughout the first 5 years. There was significant association between zinc and TLR-stimulated cytokine responses. Higher serum zinc was associated with decreased risk of ever having pneumonia (aOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.99) at 3 years, and enterocolitis (aOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99) at 5 years. Serum zinc was lower in children who have had pneumonia before 3 years of age (72.6 ± 9 vs. 81.9 ± 13 μg/dL), and enterocolitis before 5 years (89.3 ± 12 vs. 95.5 ± 13 μg/dL). We emphasize the importance of maintaining optimal serum zinc in the young population.
- Subjects
TAIWAN; PNEUMONIA prevention; PREVENTION of communicable diseases; CYTOKINES; NATURAL immunity; INTERLEUKINS; ENTEROCOLITIS; RESEARCH; CHILD nutrition; CONFIDENCE intervals; AGE distribution; DEFICIENCY diseases; BLOOD collection; DISEASE prevalence; TUMOR necrosis factors; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ZINC; ODDS ratio; LOGISTIC regression analysis; STATISTICAL correlation; TOLL-like receptors; LONGITUDINAL method; BLOOD; CHILDREN
- Publication
Nutrients, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 24, p5395
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu14245395