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- Title
Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines.
- Authors
Serrano, Davide; Pozzi, Chiara; Guglietta, Silvia; Fosso, Bruno; Suppa, Mariano; Gnagnarella, Patrizia; Corso, Federica; Bellerba, Federica; Macis, Debora; Aristarco, Valentina; Manghi, Paolo; Segata, Nicola; Trovato, Cristina; Zampino, Maria Giulia; Marzano, Marinella; Bonanni, Bernardo; Rescigno, Maria; Gandini, Sara; Banach, Maciej
- Abstract
Obesity and diet are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and microbiome could mediate this risk factor. To investigate this interaction, we performed a case–control study (34 CRC cases and 32 controls) and analyzed fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and sub-sequential shotgun analyses of genomic bacterial DNA to evaluate the role of microbiome and diet in CRC etiology, taking into account vitamin D and other risk biomarkers. Dietary habits were evaluated using a short questionnaire. Multivariate methods for data integration and mediation analysis models were used to investigate causal relationships. CRC cases were significantly more often deficient in vitamin D than controls (p = 0.04); FokI and CYP24A1 polymorphism frequency were different between cases and controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). A diet poor in fatty fish and rich in carbohydrates was found to be significantly associated with CRC risk (p = 0.011). The mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of the microbiome in mediating CRC risk—increasing levels of Bifidobacteria/Escherichia genera ratio, an indicator of "healthy" intestinal microbiome, can overcome the effect of diet on CRC risk (p = 0.03). This study suggests that microbiome mediates the diet effect on CRC risk, and that vitamin D, markers of inflammation, and adipokines are other factors to consider in order to achieve a better knowledge of the whole carcinogenic process.
- Subjects
OBESITY complications; COLON tumors; ADIPOKINES; BIOMARKERS; FOOD habits; RECTUM tumors; INFLAMMATION; MULTIVARIATE analysis; DIET; CASE-control method; RNA; VITAMIN D; HUMAN microbiota; QUESTIONNAIRES; FACTOR analysis; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 2, p363
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13020363