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- Title
Dosage Effects of Ginkgolide B on Ethanol-Induced Cell Death in Human Hepatoma G2 Cells.
- Authors
CHAN, WEN‐HSIUNG; HSUUW, YAN‐DER
- Abstract
Ginkgolide B is a major active component of Ginkgo biloba extracts, which has been shown to confer anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis or inhibiting oxidative stress generation. Ethanol induces a wide range of cellular toxicities, many of which have been linked to free radical generation. To further elucidate the cellular effects of ginkgolide B, we examined the dose–response effect of ginkgolide B on ethanol-induced toxicity in human Hep G2 cells. TUNEL and MTT assays revealed that ethanol (50–400 mM) induced apoptotic cell death in human Hep G2 cells, and that this effect was inhibited by low (5–25 μM) doses of ginkgolide B, but enhanced by high (50–100 μM) doses of ginkgolide B. Additional experiments revealed that ethanol treatment directly increased intracellular oxidative stress; this effect was enhanced by high doses of ginkgolide B but decreased following treatment with low concentrations of ginkgolide B. The dose–response effects of ginkgolide B on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were directly correlated with cell apoptotic biochemical changes including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. These results indicate that treatment dosage may determine the effect of ginkgolide B on ethanol-induced ROS generation and cell apoptosis, and support the notion that an appropriate dosage of ginkgolide B may aid in decreasing the toxic effects of ethanol.
- Subjects
GINKGO; ALCOHOL; CELL death; HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma; LIVER tumors; CANCER cells
- Publication
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2007, Vol 1095, Issue 1, p388
- ISSN
0077-8923
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1196/annals.1397.042