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- Title
Probing carbohydrate metabolism using hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C‐labeled molecules.
- Authors
Singh, Jaspal; Suh, Eul Hyun; Sharma, Gaurav; Khemtong, Chalermchai; Sherry, A. Dean; Kovacs, Zoltan
- Abstract
Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic process in all organisms. Anomalies in glucose metabolism are linked to various pathological conditions. In particular, elevated aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic feature of rapidly growing cells. Glycolysis and the closely related pentose phosphate pathway can be monitored in real time by hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled metabolic substrates such as 13C‐enriched, deuterated D‐glucose derivatives, [2‐13C]‐D‐fructose, [2‐13C] dihydroxyacetone, [1‐13C]‐D‐glycerate, [1‐13C]‐D‐glucono‐δ‐lactone and [1‐13C] pyruvate in healthy and diseased tissues. Elevated glycolysis in tumors (the Warburg effect) was also successfully imaged using hyperpolarized [U‐13C6, U‐2H7]‐D‐glucose, while the size of the preexisting lactate pool can be measured by 13C MRS and/or MRI with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate. This review summarizes the application of various hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled metabolites to the real‐time monitoring of glycolysis and related metabolic processes in normal and diseased tissues.
- Subjects
CARBOHYDRATE metabolism; PENTOSE phosphate pathway; PYRUVATES; LACTATES; GLUCOSE metabolism; GLYCOLYSIS; POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
- Publication
NMR in Biomedicine, 2019, Vol 32, Issue 10, pN.PAG
- ISSN
0952-3480
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/nbm.4018