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- Title
Inflammatory Biomarkers Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) and Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Are Differentially Elevated in Tobacco Smoke Associated COPD and Biomass Smoke Associated COPD.
- Authors
Shyam Prasad Shetty, Bellipady; Chaya, Sindaghatta Krishnarao; Kumar V, Sravan; Mahendra, Maheswarappa; Jayaraj, Biligere Siddaiah; Lokesh, Komarla Sundararaja; Ganguly, Koustav; Mahesh, Padukudru Anand; Rahman, Irfan
- Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, is characterized by abnormal activation of inflammatory cells. The increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), further amplify the inflammation. We evaluated the dose response relationship of IL-1β and TNF-α levels and severity of airflow limitation, and differential responses in IL-1β and TNF-α between biomass COPD (BMS-COPD) and tobacco smoke COPD (TS-COPD) using a case control design in 160 subjects. Patients with COPD had higher serum levels of both IL-1β and TNF-α compared to healthy controls. A large difference in TNF-α was observed between TS-COPD and BMS-COPD, where TS-COPD patients had much higher levels. Serum IL-1β levels were higher in BMS-COPD. Levels of IL-1β correlated better with severity of airflow limitation than TNF-α levels. Both TNF-α and IL-1β levels had a negative linear relationship with Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second (FEV1) and six-minute walk distance. The correlations were stronger with FEV1 than six-minute walk distance. The correlations of TNF-α and IL-1β with St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and body mass index (BMI) were not significant. In conclusion, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β are differently elevated in TS-COPD and BMS-COPD, respectively.
- Subjects
TOBACCO smoke; SMOKING; OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases; TUMOR necrosis factors; BIOMASS; BODY mass index
- Publication
Toxics, 2021, Vol 9, Issue 4, p72
- ISSN
2305-6304
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/toxics9040072