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- Title
Antibody-LGI 1 autoimmune encephalitis manifesting as rapidly progressive dementia and hyponatremia: a case report and literature review.
- Authors
Li, Xuanting; Yuan, Junliang; Liu, Lei; Hu, Wenli
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Anti leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis (AE), characterized by acute or subacute cognitive impairment, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, psychiatric disturbances and hyponatremia. Antibody-LGI 1 autoimmune encephalitis (anti-LGI1 AE) has increasingly been recognized as a primary autoimmune disorder with favorable prognosis and response to treatment.<bold>Case Presentation: </bold>Herein, we reported a male patient presenting as rapidly progressive dementia and hyponatremia. He had antibodies targeting LGI1 both in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum, which demonstrated the diagnosis of typical anti-LGI1 AE. The scores of Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were 19/30 and 15/30, respectively. Cranial magnetic resonance images indicated hyperintensities in bilateral hippocampus. The findings of brain arterial spin labeling and Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed no abnormal perfusion/metabolism. After the combined treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoid, the patient's clinical symptoms improved obviously.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This case raises the awareness that a rapid progressive dementia with predominant memory deficits could be induced by immunoreactions against LGI1. The better recognition will be great importance for the early diagnosis, essential treatment, even a better prognosis.
- Subjects
METHYL aspartate receptors; ENCEPHALITIS; MONTREAL Cognitive Assessment; LITERATURE reviews; POSITRON emission tomography; DEMENTIA
- Publication
BMC Neurology, 2019, Vol 19, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1471-2377
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12883-019-1251-4