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- Title
Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Evaluation of a Zinc Gluconate-Based Chemical Sterilant Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.
- Authors
Araujo-Lima, Carlos F.; Nunes, Rafael J. M.; Carpes, Raphael M.; Aiub, Claudia A. F.; Felzenszwalb, Israel
- Abstract
Sclerosing agents as zinc gluconate-based chemical sterilants (Infertile®) are used for chemical castration. This solution is injected into the animal testis, but there are not enough evidences of its safety profiles for the receivers. The present work aimed to establish the pharmacokinetics and toxicological activity of Infertile, using in vitro and in silico approaches. The evaluation at the endpoint showed effects in a dose-dependent manner. Since necrosis is potentially carcinogenic, the possible cell death mechanism could be apoptosis. Our data suggested that Infertile at 60 mM presented risk for animal health. Even though Infertile is a licensed product by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, it presented a high mutagenic potential. We suggest that the optimal dose must be less than 6 mM, once, at this concentration, no mutagenicity or genotoxicity was observed.
- Subjects
APOPTOSIS; CELL culture; COMPUTER simulation; DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology; HUMAN reproduction; SCLEROTHERAPY; MOLECULAR structure; MUTAGENICITY testing; PROBABILITY theory; RESEARCH funding; SAFETY; SALMONELLA; STATISTICS; STERILIZATION (Birth control); TOXICITY testing; VETERINARY medicine; ZINC compounds; DATA analysis; ACYCLIC acids; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; IN vitro studies; ONE-way analysis of variance
- Publication
BioMed Research International, 2017, Vol 2017, p1
- ISSN
2314-6133
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2017/5746768